Discussion of the early pioneers of moving pictures Essay -- Movies Fi

Topic Discuss in detail how American filmmakers Edwin Porter and D.W Griffith built on early films by the Lumiere brothers and George Melies. Use examples from the oeuvre of each filmmaker to substantiate your argument. This essay will outline an introduction to the premature years of motion pictures and developments that helped avatar cinema as we know it today. This paper will explore the roles of the early pioneers and the extent to which their contributions shaped cinema. In particular, it will look at how E.S Porter and D.W Griffith ameliorate on the early years of cinema as result of influences from Louis and Auguste Lumiere and George Melies.The 18th century has marked the commencement of the innovation of cinematography. The invention of cinema owes its existence to a few investors and scientists who are broadly known for laying down its foundation. Among those pioneers are the Lumiere brothers who were some of the earliest contributors to cinema, inventing the first real film camera called the cinematographe, which effectively functioned as a camera, projector and printer all in one (Barnauw, 19936). Thus giving rise to the art of film making. Initially, in the early years of cinema since at that place was no developed structure or language to tell cinematic stories, the early Lumiere brother?s films such as Workers leaving the Lumiere factory (1895) and The Arrival of a fill at the Station (1895), were composed of a single shot, no camera movement and only one continuous action from beginning to end (Obalil, 2007). likewise since the camera was fixed and captured only what were before its lens without any manipulation these films ... ...ieved by the 08/02/2008.http//www.earlycinema.com/timeline/index.html retrieved by the 08/02/2008.Knight, A. The Liveliest Art, Mentor Books, New American Library, (1957). p.25.Larson, E.H. George Melies, (2006). Online Available at http//www.nwlink.com/erick/silentera/Melies/melies.html Lenin, M. Griffith perfect the making of birth of a nation, (2004). Online Available at http//www.leninimports.com/dw_griffith.html Louis Lumire, The Cinematograph, La Nature, 12 October 1895. In Auguste and Louis Lumire. (Jacques Rittaud-Hutinet, ed.) Letters. London Faber and Faber, 1995. p.302. Obalil, L.J. Edwin S. Porter, (2007). Online Available athttp//www.filmreference.com/Directors-Pe-Ri/Porter-Edwin-S.html Smith, D. Cinematic Reflections, (2005). Online Available athttp//www.cinematicreflections.com/BirthofaNation.html

Ambition In Macbeth Essay -- essays research papers

In Shakespearean times, ambition was seen to be wrong, as it went against the natural order. You had to accept yourself for who you were. People were non encouraged to better themselves. In act I scene I, the three witches plan to meet Macbeth upon a heath. They announce the major theme of the play appearances preempt be deceptive."Fair is foul, and foul is fair" line 10. Macbeth in Act I echoes this in Scene three,"So foul and fair a daylight I have not seen"These contradictions introduce a feeling of opposing forces at war. They are a symbol of the struggles that take place in the play. This could radio link in with the scene in which Lady Macbeth tells her husband to "..Look like the innocent flower, but be the serpent under t."At the beginning of scene three, the wit...

The Scarlet Letter, Young Goodman Brown and Hawthorne :: Scarlet Letter essays

  The ruddy earn, infantile Goodman Brown and Hawthorne         Writing under the influence of his prude background, Hawthornes attention was on individuals and their relationships within their community. Theocratic Puritans punished sinners as deviants of society and used the punishments to iterate the boundaries within the group. The five tenets of Puritanism reveal the curious nature of a religion that promoted integrity as a constant goal of each individual, but provided precisely negative reward of no punishment for good behavior and actions. The tenet of mat Election made predestination clear. No matter how hard one(a) tried to be good, only those elected were going to heaven.    In The Scarlet Letter Hawthorne introduces the community by agency of the prison house and the women of the community cosmos of mature age and church members in good repute. In the conversation that the women claim about Hester their jealous hearts an d vengeful attitudes are revealed. In this way he shows us that this community, although it was designed to be the perfect Christian community, interprets itself as something else. We brush off assume that Hawthorne shows us the bitchy ways of the women of the church, the ones who supposedly care for the nauseous and tend to the elderly, nurturing and comforting in a Christian-like manner, and the prison house to inform us that Puritan society has problems, the same problems that any society might have. We potful begin to read Hawthorne from the romantic perspective and see society as the chargeable party. Indeed, the author sets us up to see Hester as a heroine, a rose, even though a wild rose.   And Young Goodman Brown takes his place as hero in his tale. Although we know that he embarks on an evil purpose, we overly know his intentions are to return to his good Faith. But how can a Puritan return to his good faith when he is a sinner? in that location is no way to achi eve goodness, because Adam sinned, so sinned we in all. And if you accept that, even if you rule in dialogue with it, who can be trusted? Not even your self. Young Goodman Browns happiness could only come from a life with Faith/faith and all he could believe in was the reality of his faith, which was that all were sinners. That means that communion has to be communion with sin.The Scarlet Letter, Young Goodman Brown and Hawthorne Scarlet Letter essays  The Scarlet Letter, Young Goodman Brown and Hawthorne         Writing under the influence of his Puritan background, Hawthornes attention was on individuals and their relationships within their community. Theocratic Puritans punished sinners as deviants of society and used the punishments to restate the boundaries within the group. The five tenets of Puritanism reveal the curious nature of a religion that promoted goodness as a constant goal of each individual, but provided only negative reward o f no punishment for good behavior and actions. The tenet of Unconditional Election made predestination clear. No matter how hard one tried to be good, only those elected were going to heaven.    In The Scarlet Letter Hawthorne introduces the community by way of the prison house and the women of the community being of mature age and church members in good repute. In the conversation that the women have about Hester their jealous hearts and vengeful attitudes are revealed. In this way he shows us that this community, although it was designed to be the perfect Christian community, interprets itself as something else. We can assume that Hawthorne shows us the bitchy ways of the women of the church, the ones who supposedly care for the sick and tend to the elderly, nurturing and comforting in a Christian-like manner, and the prison house to inform us that Puritan society has problems, the same problems that any society might have. We can begin to read Hawthorne from the romantic perspective and see society as the guilty party. Indeed, the author sets us up to see Hester as a heroine, a rose, even though a wild rose.   And Young Goodman Brown takes his place as hero in his tale. Although we know that he embarks on an evil purpose, we also know his intentions are to return to his good Faith. But how can a Puritan return to his good faith when he is a sinner? There is no way to achieve goodness, because Adam sinned, so sinned we all. And if you accept that, even if you reject communion with it, who can be trusted? Not even your self. Young Goodman Browns happiness could only come from a life with Faith/faith and all he could believe in was the reality of his faith, which was that all were sinners. That means that communion has to be communion with sin.

Billy Budd Essay -- essays research papers

To form simply one opinion or show merely one conniption of this story is naive, rude, and closed minded. How may one stick to one deli mea, moral questioning, or prohibited-look on a book that jumps from such cases like frogs on lily pads? Just as Melville has done, I shall attempt to arrange my perception of wand Budd, in a similar fashion. That is, through an unorthodox practice (that is jumping from pt. to pinnacle), of report an essay I shall constantly change and directions and goals of what it is I wish to state. One may perceive the books structure to be loose and instead flexible one finds that the fits and starts, and the shifting of lengths between chapters are the best way to convey the feelings/ meanings of nightsticks story. Maybe the narrator believes that billy club is true on a deeper sense in other words, it corresponds to real experience. Dont you, yourself find that when you are trying to make a major decision, or nourishment through some crucial event your mind keeps shifting from one thing to another, sometimes quickly and dramatically, sometimes inventing hypothetical situations to use as comparisons or differences? This is similar to the case as seen in Billy Budd. The Book doesnt work in a strict and orderly fashion but starts out to describe at length different characters, then moves to fast actions, slows down again to a very argued trail, then draws rapidly to a close with Billys hanging. Even after that event, (the hanging), the book lingers on with a comment of it and ties up all loose ends (Captain Vere dieing etc). Though this story lacks orthodox format, it coheres in a profound and moving way.The style and point of view of Billy Budd can be dealt with together b/c of the strong narrative voice determines both. The narrator of the story is clearly a highly educated person with a great knowledge of mythology. Though the voice of the narrative is consistent in this novel, the point of view is constantly changing. Someti mes we are put inside the heads of the characters (he tells us Claggarts secret thoughts about Billy, and makes us feel the anguish Captain Vere is experiencing in making his hard decision. Then again there are other times were he removes both of us (narrator, and reader), from a scene, (Best example being, when Vere goes to tell Billy that he must hang- and avoids mak... ...was drafted directly from prison. But no one knows for sure. About his intelligence operation, just like the snake used his intelligence to trick Mankind, Claggart too uses his intelligence to trick Billy. Thus the fall of eithers Garden. Upon this review, one can ask such a question of, does every Eden apply to have its snake? The presence of John Claggart in Billy Budd suggest that evil is part of our world, and it will always attach itself to innocence and try to corrupt it. Billy Budd focuses on the inner life of a single ship. Life aboard the Indomitable is a scaled down model of life itself, yet it is evident of the intensity and almost claustrophic this setting can be as the story proceeds and everything is heightened. Thought the wide-open sea is all around, it only isolates the men from the equaliser of the world. If youve ever been momentarily separated on a camping trip, per-say, then you know how quickly one can get on anothers nerves. This story captures that intensity. One must also remember that Billy is set in a time of war and mutiny, and theses factors have a major force on the story and everyones decisions.

Frank Lloyd Wright :: essays research papers

Frank Lloyd WrightFrank Lloyd Wright, in my mind, is the greatest architect I&8217ve ever seen. He had a big fetish with structure his houses encompassed with nature and that objectively interested me. Frank Lloyd Wright is widely regarded as one of the most influential figures in modern Western architecture. His radically innovative designs, utilizing a building based on nature. Said by Wright as organic architecture. He was born in Richland Center, Wisconsin, June 8, 1867 and died on April 9, 1959. It was a standard of his passion and load to his field of work that he continued working right up to the time of his death. After studying civil engineering at the University of Wisconsin, he locomote to Chicago in 1887, where he went to work as an apprentice for Louis Sullivan. He began there to design and independently build private houses for some of Sullivan&8217s clients. This was cognize as &8220moonlighting. These houses soon revealed an independent talent that was distinct from that of Sullivan. Wright&8217s houses had low, sweeping rooflines hanging over uninterrupted walls of windows. His plans were centered on massive brick or infernal region fireplaces at the heart of the house. His rooms became wide open to one another and the overall configuration of his plans became more and more alike, reaching out toward some real or imagined expansive horizon. In contrast to the openness of those houses and as if in conflict with their immediate city environment, Wright&8217s urban buildings tend to be walled in with light entering primarily from above, through skylights. These features contrasted with those of his mentor&8217s, Sullivan, work. Wright&8217s distaste for urban environments and his embrace of the natural environment are observed in the incompatible features of some of his finest buildings in the early 1900s the Unity Church in Oak Park, Illinois compared with Buffalo&8217s Martin House and Chicago&8217s Robie House. The houses are characteri zed by large, sheeny walls, terraces, and low-slung roof overhangs. Well, in 1893, the issue of Wright&8217s moonlighting escapades finally arose and Sullivan was forced to fire Wright. Sullivan felt very betrayed by this. Wright was forced to work on his own which joyful him either way. This gave him more freedom. During the next 20 years, he became one of the best known architects in the United States. Wright&8217s fame in Europe was promoted due to the egress in 1910 and 1911 by Berlin&8217s Wasmuth of two editions of Wright&8217s work as well as an exhibition that traveled throughout Europe.

Frank Lloyd Wright :: essays research papers

Frank Lloyd WrightFrank Lloyd Wright, in my mind, is the greatest architect I&8217ve ever seen. He had a big fetish with building his houses encompassed with nature and that really interested me. Frank Lloyd Wright is widely regarded as one of the most authoritative figures in modern Western architecture. His radically innovative contrives, utilizing a building based on nature. Said by Wright as organic architecture. He was innate(p) in Richland Center, Wisconsin, June 8, 1867 and died on April 9, 1959. It was a standard of his passion and commitment to his field of work that he continued working right up to the time of his death. afterwards studying civil engineering at the University of Wisconsin, he moved to Chicago in 1887, where he went to work as an apprentice for Louis Sullivan. He began there to design and independently build private houses for some of Sullivan&8217s clients. This was known as &8220moonlighting. These houses soon revealed an independent talent that was di stinct from that of Sullivan. Wright&8217s houses had low, sweeping rooflines hanging e realwhere uninterrupted walls of windows. His plans were centered on massive brick or stone fireplaces at the heart of the house. His rooms became wide open to one another and the overall var. of his plans became more and more alike, reaching out toward some real or imagined expansive horizon. In contrast to the openness of those houses and as if in conflict with their quick city environment, Wright&8217s urban buildings tend to be walled in with light entering primarily from above, through skylights. These features contrasted with those of his mentor&8217s, Sullivan, work. Wright&8217s distaste for urban environments and his adopt of the natural environment are observed in the contrasting features of some of his finest buildings in the early 1900s the Unity Church in Oak Park, Illinois compared with Buffalo&8217s Martin House and Chicago&8217s Robie House. The houses are characterized by lar ge, glazed walls, terraces, and low-slung roof overhangs. Well, in 1893, the issue of Wright&8217s moonlighting escapades finally arose and Sullivan was forced to fire Wright. Sullivan felt very betrayed by this. Wright was forced to work on his own which pleased him either way. This gave him more freedom. During the next 20 years, he became one of the best known architects in the United States. Wright&8217s fame in Europe was promoted due to the publication in 1910 and 1911 by Berlin&8217s Wasmuth of two editions of Wright&8217s work as well as an exhibition that traveled throughout Europe.

Fracking: Carbon Dioxide and Natural Gas

April 8, 2012 Dear Senator Greg Ball, The current practice of hydraulic fracturing (fracking) began in America in the young 1990s and has been wreaking havoc on the land and the lives of the American mass since. In case you are unaware, fracking is the process well diggers use to extract natural fluff and oil from the earth. They use pressurized mixture of body of water, sand, and chemicals to form veins (or fractures) in the rock in order for the natural gas or oil to escape.Although this process is an affective path to produce the natural resources from the earth, there are repercussions that are macrocosm ignored by the well companies. For instance, there were several private wells in Dimock, dada contaminated with methane caused by the fracking done by Cabot Oil and Gas. The people living off these wells were not able to use their water. Although the gas comp whatever denied any kind of fault, they compensated the residents financially and built a new pipeline to bring cle an water in.In December, 2011 the EPA sent out letters to the residents telling them their water was safe to drink. But in January of 2012 the EPA retracted its position and told the gas company to immediately take care of the problem. Another problem that has developed due to fracking is befoulment around the dig sites. Emissions associated with combustion include nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxide, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide. Another emission problem is the emission produced from the natural gas.Gasses such as methane, ethane and liquid condensate and volatile organic compounds (VOC). VOCs have been proven to cause birth defects, neurological problems, and cancer. Most recently, in March of 2012, officials in Ohio are blaming the wastewater produced from fracking for a series of recent earthquakes. What my goal would be from you Mr. Ball, is that you would introduce a bill to the senate that would encourage regulation on fracking from the federal official level.If the federal government would regulate the way fracking is done in America, it could save many lives and help save the environment. Bad drilling techniques, design and execution are some(a) of the reasons the drilling wreaks so such(prenominal) havoc. This is something that could very easily be regulated by inspections of the wells. I also believe that the number of wells being drill needs to be regulated. In Pennsylvania alone, there are 3,500 wells. This number is too high. Having that number of wells in such s small area, is inviting problems.If the federal government would make some regulations on how many wells per square mile are aloud, it would cut down of a lot of the damage being done. It may also be possible to regulate how far from civilian dwellings a well should be drilled. If the wells were drilled several miles from any home, the chances of it endangering people and animals would decrease. Mr. Ball I appreciate you taking time to read this letter and listening to my concerns. I am confident that you love this country as much as I do and will try to put an end to hydraulic fracturing as we know it today. Sincerely,

The Key Personal Development skills and experience

There are adult maley cardinal accomplishments that this programme provided and gave me as come oning through it. Some of the accomplishments and experiences that I believe that I require obtained from make this Young Enterprise Graduate Programme are listed below Team working consisted of taking portion in identifying and holding on the team s aims. Me as an single agreeing with each squad members labours and working efficaciously with others. I did this by back uping them to make the ends for the whole congregation.Problem work excursion where jobs were being set and analysed. Further much, taking solutions and implementing processs suitably.Communication had to be make by me and team members efficaciously to hold on aims and processs. I took portion in meetings, treatments and success integraly interacting with clients and co-workers. Furthermore, bring forthing clear concise written work and presentations by utilizing appropriate and profession ICT techniques.Selling and G ross saless accomplishments were earned by fashioning and transporting out a market research program. Then placing client mark groups and developing the appropriate selling attack. Furthermore, I choose the appropriate selling and gross revenues schemes to sell and take to aim groups.Operationss accomplishments were achieved by keeping systems to run into quality criterions and measuring purlieual impact. Besides puting up processs to run into operational marks and developing rating systems.The pay experience was achieved by me when transporting out a fiscal audit and choosing schemes to better fiscal public presentation. I recorded fiscal information utilizing ICT every bite suitably as possible.Directing and Managing was developed by n egotismciating with others and act uponing the results of the company. By pull offing a complex set of undertakings in an unsure environment and directing persons, squads or undertakings to accomplish agreed marks. Furthermore, pull offing co- workers, vexation advisers, stakeholders, clients and constructing effectual relationships.Leadership was a hard accomplishment to accomplish for me because at multiplication it was required to draw the company together in times of crisis and some co-workers did nt understand why. Furthermore, I encouraged co-workers to accomplish their full potency in the panache they contributed to the company s over on the whole public presentation.Learning was a accomplishment which was achieved end-to-end this programme from judgment cardinal larning penchants by prosecuting it in much more effectual ways. Furthermore, I improved my ability to larn from everyday of this programme experience. I pretend to a fault placing personal acquisition solutions and demands.I believe that throughout this twelvemonth my communicating accomplishments, business enterprise thoughts and protocols were developed and strengthened. My experience was gained in working in a squad based civilization. This was like in a concern administration which involved planning, committedness, administration and flexibleness to accomplish consequences. First I disbelieved about the faculty importance to my degree class and was non precisely fascinated roughly working as portion of a squad. However I was incorrectly after the first twosome of hebdomads I got to cognize my squad members much more. I frequently wonder if I had nt taken the faculty, I would hold passed the chance of meeting and doing five new sound friends.Some issues which I had were to lodge up for others whenever there was an statement traveling to organize as I thought it would be better to screen it out by sermon non reasoning. As I started to develop my strength and ability to publish clear and concise direction in a considerate mode during meetings and understanding our concern I believed we could go a successful concern.Belbin s theory indicates to me that I am a company worker who is sociall(a)y oriented, instead than mild sensitive with the ability to respond to people and in any given state of affairs.Maslow s hierarchy of demands is a theory in psychological science that states people in life. Maslow identified A hierarchy needs as iodin degree becomes reasonably, or partially, pleased the net becomes stronger 1 I got to cognize everyone better and felt more comfy in the validating environment once we settled down. I motivated squad members without fright as one of the elements of SCHEINIS larning civilization provinces larning to back up squad work at that place must be a overlap beliefs that co-operation impart be needed that it will work and besides shared belief that all people squirt and will larn fiting McGregor s theory. 3 5 Our wise man we met was called Malcolm he had a concern and one of our group members gave him a call and we arranged a meeting with him. We got the SWOT analysis and thoughts down on what we are looking into to go a concern. later on a few more meetings we w ere told that our wise man could non see us any longer as his concern was at hazard.I set myself a personal end and it was to actuate others and guarantee all squad members participated in puting ends. Harmonizing to Locke ( 1968 ) ends affect motive 1 .Challenging but accomplishable ends motivates persons have grassroots demands or possible which, when displeased stimulates manners fixed towards fulfillment. I researched and studied as I was committed to larn and accomplishing high-quality Markss. Specific ends motivates extra than ill-defined know group roles as each group members had peculiar functions and responsibility.I developed my interpersonal and communicating accomplishments by e-mailing squad members over the Christmas vacations and complimenting them on the undertakings that all of had through with(p) before the vacations even though we had no wise man. Furthermore, we got a electronic mail sing us acquiring a new wise man from one of the Enterprise staff called Andy . Contribution in puting ends is appealing each member of the group set an single end as to animate and go forward on path. Significant consequences of earlier period piece is important to motive When Christmas passed we started to acquire our concern program ready for passing in on the sixth February 2010. I noticed that none of our group was go toing the talks as they were busy with coursework s and other faculties. We met with Andy and talked things through and what we have so far. It was noticed that we were in reality far behind through the faculty besides Andy tried to set up a new wise man for our group. If I was in gibe I would hold got the full group together and divided the parts that needed making together every bit.However as our group was in this meeting with Andy merely three of us were present, two were on their manner and 1 could nt do it. In this meeting the subdi mickles were nt divided every bit and when asked who would esteem to make certain parts som e of the group members were nt at all interested. It eventually came to the decision that everyone had something to make except one member who had no undertaking but to assist other members get at that place undertakings done. This member was a ready to hand individual who did nt acquire involved at all when asked for their aid. Finally, the group held another meeting to inquire this member for aid to complete the undertakings off and manus in our concern study. We met our new wise man she was called Debbie she helped us understand and cognize what was to be put into a concern study.Time was against us and we merely had less than a hebdomad left to complete the study. I feel one time once more that if the group was managed decently this would hold non happened at all. Luckily we got a hebdomad extension from our coach. Even though this extension was set still some members were nt at all fuss. Merely if I reported or filled in a subject mannequin and told the coach affairs would ho ld been addressed much decently. However this was non thought of and felt that I would the individual to fault if I told off the certain members later passing in the study on the 15th February 2010 merely three members came to manus it in. Now we as a concern started to acquire prepared for the presentation. When speaking about presentations two of the members opted out. They did nt desire to show at all, I felt really angry and thought good this is what you have to accept in a concern. I experienced throughout this faculty the existent experiences and worst of being in a existent life concern.After practising and showing the presentation it was the 24 hours to show. The group and I were so amazed with the group after we delivered our presentation and were able to answer to the whole inquiries from both the witnesss and the panel of Judgess. I felt our merged attempt had paid away and was proud of our work.I was given our classs two hebdomads subsequently which was on the 17th Mar ch. I noticed that none of my squad members be merely I did even though I was a few proceedingss tardily for the talk nevertheless, I was able to pick up the feedback. I gave the group a text message informing them of the consequences of past public presentations which motivated me into making the following undertaking. Maslow theory encourages feedback I learnt about past success and can follow the behavior once more.In the terminal the original end of a united and solid group was achieved. Plain rules of actions were received by all members of the group. When a member had a job, there was ever person to speak to and a sense of togetherness ran through the group. The features characteristics that stood out at the terminal were many. First, the ambiance was knowledgeable and relaxed and this helped persons to show their sentiments without holding to concern about being judged by their members.Each member listened to each other and the struggle of thoughts was brought usefully int o the unfastened. Decisions were normally reached by an understanding so that everybody or the bulk were pleased by the consequence. Finally, direction was non merely set aside to the chosen caput, but was shared when suited so that the full group felt a sense of value about themselves within the group.At this phase the group was more effectual and cohesive to a capacious extent. There was a important development in the personality of persons and an betterment. One issue which concerned us was when one member seemed to experience demoralized. This state of affairs was understood by the remainder of the group so it was discussed by hence deciding it demoing that we had grown from a group of persons and into a group.Future ApplicationIt has been truly gratifying making this faculty as rather a batch of it was new. A batch of its qualities and utile accomplishments will be taken off from this faculty and class. As making this class it has given a strong foundation for the ability to b e able to work independently. Furthermore, working as portion of a squad and besides holding gained superior communicating accomplishments by concentrating on reassigning understanding, from one individual to another with the lower limit of misinterpretation.After finishing this faculty I have become extremely motivated and am a originative person. I now have an appetency for cognition and apprehension. Furthermore, I am a adroit and active individual with necessary practical and theoretical formal cognition in Engineering.I am able to convey a record of teamwork and leading, and strong analytical accomplishments which will enable me to execute magnificently in the concern universe. I have refined my analytical, communicating and job resolution accomplishments both interior and outside the academic environment. My recent experience as a company sectarian has taught me the importance of working with a item orientated attack and made me accustomed to bring forthing consequences whil e working under force per unit area.I am confident that my quantitative accomplishments will enable me to be extremely effectual in concern development. This faculty aid fix me for interview as group presentation was 30 % of the faculty. Showing in forepart of interview and expecting designated inquiries. I will be utilizing this chance as a practise for a summer arrangement. From the group presentation I have gained, commercial consciousness, perceptiveness of the field and self assurance.It helped in developing my accomplishments on package tools as I took the function of seting slides on PowerPoint. The construction and layout of presentation was formal accurate, elaborate and valuable. I surely could non hold done this wholly on my ain as an person. Boots The Chemist Company uses cross- functional squads to work on jobs stuck in the conventional administration. A endowment wins games, but teamwork and intelligence win title. The effectivity of squad work was surprising. I am m ore cognizant of consistence, truth meeting marks and deadlines in concern universe. I will wish to set all the accomplishments and cognition acquired into practise. When I complete my grade I am believing of traveling into the concern facet of telecommunication technology which is decidedly an option for me. I could work in gross revenues or in the selling sector.Am interested in making a postgraduate grade such as Masters in concern disposal ( MBA ) this will edify me more and I will hold the makings required. The work of McMclland s acquired need theory ( 1985 ) proposed that some of import demands are non inherited but are learned. Most often surveies are the demands for accomplishment, friendship and power. Peoples with strong demand in these classs are frequently found in the function of enterpriser, squad co-ordination and top directors of big hierarchies. Team work is the cardinal lot to success in a concern universe.Overall Young endeavor graduates programme has enabled m e to be a end orientated single with clear vision of future aims, ability to listen and use effectual communicating accomplishments. It helped me as an technology pupil to develop positive attitudes and accomplishments necessary for personal success, practical accomplishments, employability, and womb-to-tomb acquisition. It encouraged me as an person in deriving an understanding the potency of future employer besides sing self-employment and concern creative activity as possible future calling options. This faculty gave me the chance to gain more approximately myself as a natural squad participant with desire for a afterlife and lament to larn every bit good as willing to work hard in a fast traveling disputing with a supportive environment. I am good at making invention solution to accomplish ends. There is a great trade of accent on ego directed acquisition in the faculty. This faculty has been a great experience as I have enjoyed the undertakings developed accomplishments for t he universe of work.

Employment Labor and Anti-Discrimination Law Essay

You are an employee at a nice paper mill and want to impress the boss by burning the midnight inunct (cut not too close to the wood pulp). For four consecutive weeks, you work forty-five, forty-two, thirty-nine, and thirty-one hours.If you are a nonexempt employee covered by the Fair perseverance Standards Act, how many hours of overtime have, if any, would you be entitled to? What would be the rate?Fair Labor Standards ActFair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) of 1938 is concerned with child labor, upper limit hours, minimum wages, and overtime provisions.OvertimeAn employee who works more than forty hours over week must be paid 1.5 times his or her regular pay rate for all hours over forty. Employers whose jobs are categorized as executive, administration, or professional, as well as outside salespersons and computer employees, are exempt. Employees who are not exempt include manual laborers and other blue-collar workers who perform tasks involving repetitive operation with their hands (non-management production line employees, for example).Other non-exempt employees include police officers, firefighters, licence nurses and other public safety workers. Employers can pay overtime to exempt employers if they want to, but they cannot otherwise waive or reduce the overtime requirements. The employee pull up stakes be paid overtime for the weeks he or she worked the forty-five, forty-two, but not the thirty-nine or the thirty-one hour week.

History Shows There Is No Such Thing as Absolute Power Essay

The undiminished ability to act in a feature way, or direct or influence the behaviour of others or the course of events. Immediately one thinks of mighty Alexander, seizing every ground he effect his eyes upon, or Joseph Stalin suppressing the entire creation of the enormous Soviet bloc with an iron fist. There argon certainly individuals in history that would be regarded as sheer(a)ly abilityful. Absolute index number covers both being adequate to(p) to suppress and control ambition and support, and being fit to achieve ones aims, as both be interdependent.However, history as a study and analysis of the past through examining read, has shown that cultural relativism renders peremptory authority a much wanted but unattainable possession no person or organisation has been perfectly in control of their large number since knowledge of other cultures has emerged, although some gather in attempted to claim to command it even in the 21st Century, as seen by the North Ko rean rhetoric about the states sacrosanct devotion to the Kim dynasty for example, informing the population they should be willing to become human bulwarks and human shields to defend their unused leader Kim Jong-un.Since the Greeks first explored beyond their frontiers and came across cultures and worships which differed from their own, and since great force Herodotus tried to pay the Greeks and Callatians to swap their respective burial practises (the Greeks burned their dead- the Callatians ate the corpse of their father) and was refused for any money, cultural relativism has existed as an obstacle to obtaining absolute function.Without cultural relativism, thither are potential examples of absolute power being flouted. maven that springs to mind is the ancient community who built Stonehenge. A supposedly primitive people mat up compelled to cut bluestones and transport them from south-west Wales either carrying them across hundreds of miles of mountainous and rugged ter rain without technology, or by shipping them gradually over in handmade boats, onwards assembling them into the neat arrangement we fuck still see today. One prominent theory as to why this project was undertaken is that the stones are religious monuments knowing to be worshipped or designed to intimidate worshippers into fearing their god. Either way, this points to a religious leader who had absolute power over his people, meaning he was able to persuade them to carry out this enormous logistical challenge.However, this essay will argue that cultural relativism has meant that apart from isolated communities such as that which built Stonehenge, no individual or organisation has possessed absolute power. On the other hand, some ancient historians would argue that the great Emperors of ancient clock had absolute, autocratic power the mighty King Darius and his vast Iranian Empire, in which every provincial leader answered to him. Alexander the owing(p) conquered almost the entir e known macrocosm. Julius Caesar and his famous veni, vidi, vici quotation, a demonstration of the ease with which he overpowered enemies.King Darius may have theoretically held absolute usageal authority over his Empire, being entitled by tradition to rule over every citizen, but it is clear that he didnt stimulate absolute power. The wealthy Greek merchants in their colonies threw out Dariuss Persian provincial governors, and when Darius attempted to punish them by attacking their homeland, he was defeated. Even the fact that he had to resort to military force shows that he didnt hold absolute power over the Greeks who were meant to answer to him as they were living in his Empire, but further more(prenominal) his military failed to preserve his power. This shows that he did non hold absolute power, and the Greek merchants rejected his leadership because they disliked it relative to the culture they were used to.Moreover, although Julius Caesar is and deserves to be recognised as an immensely powerful figure in knowledge base history, after emerging as the most made of the Roman generals and doing the most to promote Roman interests in the further provinces, it is clear that he still didnt hold absolute power. Absolute means universally valid and without dependence on anything else Julius Caesar did not have the power to win over everyone, which would have prevented his murder. seemingly his power was dependent on the support of his Senate, which he failed to retain. There were over sixty conspirators involved in his murder, and he did not have the power to haul them- demonstrating that he didnt hold absolute power over his people, as they found his leadership unacceptable relative to others.An anecdote which supports the claim that Alexander the Great did not hold absolute power is the story of his encounter with Diogenes. Alexander came across the philosopher sunbathing, and asked him if in that respect was any favour which, as leader of the bigges t Empire in the world, Alexander could fulfil for Diogenes. The philosopher simply requested that he stop obstructing the sun. After this experience, Alexander is said to have claimed that if I were not Alexander, I should like to be Diogenes, as he found the philosophers complete indifference to the offer of a favour from the worlds most powerful man to be such an incredible phenomenon. This shows that Alexanders military and material wealth and power didnt stop him from wishing he could instead be this anti-materialist philosopher.Diogenes had the power to make Alexander feel that he would prefer to be someone else, so that, even momentarily, he scored an emotional victory over him if Alexander had had absolute power over his Empire, nobody should have been able to defeat him in any way. Throughout the Dark Ages, and the Middle Ages, it could be argued that the church had absolute power in parts of Europe, as the typical image of the ordinary European peasant is one of devout, God -fearing Christianity. However, an interesting and relevant point that Carr made in his book, What is History?, is that, with religious leaders and monks being the only literate people throughout this era, records of this time are written solely from their perspective, and therefore pass by the picture show of a very devoutly religious period in Europe.However, this could be a falsified impression, as the enlightenment and other events such as the atheistic communist revolution later on in Russia in 1917 demonstrate that the peasants and ordinary working classes of these countries were perhaps not as influenced and submitted to control by the church as first thought. Constantly through these times there were bitter disputes between the Pope and bishops, and the nobility and royalty that ruled over Europe, the most famous of which stop in Henry VIII abandoning the Vatican and establishing the church service of England. These power struggles display that neither the religious aut horities nor the monarchies had anything that could be described as absolute power.Perhaps the monarchy were against the report of Papal consultation, relative to the image they had of rulers before the Common Era who werent constrained by religious authorities- but obviously this would have been rejected by their religious subjects. This is another case of cultural relativism undermining absolute power. After the Enlightenment and Industrial Revolution, with the decline of religious authority and an autocratic hereditary hierarchy in Europe, the power balance alters. Although some areas are still governed by monarchy, for example Russia with the Tsars, other areas see the introduction of parliamentary constitutions and constitutional monarchy.One key approximation of the enlightenment, debatably, was to eliminate even the idea of absolute power and absolutist, arbitrary rule by promoting democracy and fair government. For example, in France, with the execution of Louis XVI, a Re public was established. However, the outcome was far from a fair society in which the government was held to account. Power in France moved between different dictatorial regimes until it was seized by Napoleon nap and the Consulate. Some would argue that Napoleon held absolute power he conquered as he willed, and ruled over a large empire autocratically condescension the fact that many in Europe now supported the idea of deliberative government.He even had the audacity to declare that he wouldnt give a fig for a million lives in the face of conquering new territories, something that surely only someone with absolute, unassailable power would be able to say without being removed from a position of responsibility. However, on the other hand, it is evident that he failed to retain absolute power. During his rule, there was unrest throughout his territory from 1808, for example, the Spanish people began an ongoing and constant campaign of resistance against Napoleons men, which could not be stifled despite his best efforts. Then, eventually, he was defeated, and then(prenominal) defeated again, and ended up alone in exile on the Island of St Helen.It is possible that if the people had not had knowledge from foreign sources of more benevolent and successful rulers, they would not have overthrown Napoleon their ability to relate their experience to other cultures caused them to oppose Napoleon. This Napoleonic style, of attempting to seize absolute, autocratic power and ruling without the security of populism has been exhibit in dozens of scenarios since Napoleons fall, with a myriad of totalitarian dictatorships in Europe and beyond which attempted to suppress and rule with absolute authority. However, severally example can be knocked down.Hitler, it could be argued, took power on the merit of his charismatic personality and the appeal of his vision of a strong German people- whether by attracting enough popularity or simply making his thuggish SS a large and strong-willed enough organisation to secure his high position. From then on he suppressed opposition both at home and in German-occupied territory. The way in which he achieved this largely as an individual and then ruled so strongly whilst often ignoring suggestions from his advisors, could be described as holding absolute power over Germany and the territories conquered.Furthermore, some optimists might argue that the instigation of the Holocaust against the Jews and other undesirables implies that he had absolute power over people, as ordinary human nature would produce repulsion at the very idea, and yet it was carried out. On the other hand, there is much evidence of resistance within Germany against Hitlers regime- ranging from political opposition by Catholics and across general German society against the T4 programme (euthanasia circle murder of disabled people), to the Red Orchestra commies distributing propaganda leaflets, and of course the numerous assassi farming plots and attempts by Hitlers own men.The Red Orchestra example is very useful to my argument they had not lived under a Communist system, but had read the teachings of Karl Marx and other Communist writers and therefore felt that relative to the Nazi system, Communism would be the best for Germany. tour it is true that none of these were successful as such (except, to some extent, the opposition to T4), they certainly werent what Hitler desired and he had not the power to prevent them. some other major dictator of the 20th Century was Josef Stalin although the Communist state was already in existence, he still needed his skill and slyness to seize power by using his role as party secretary to eliminate potential opponents, and especially by propelling himself ahead of Trotsky in terms of popularity through behaviour such as deceiving him into travelling to an eastern province so that he wasnt present at Lenins funeral.He then purged Russia, the Communist Party and the army in order to ensure absolute control, and this made internal opposition to his regime virtually inexistent in terms of visible or united resistance. His Stalinist ideology too catapulted the USSR very quickly from a backward nation to a major world power, enabling them to withstand the German Operation Barbarossa (consequently, another distress of Hitlers) and then even to push on until they formed a stand-off with the USA and Britain in Germany. With no opposition to him within his uncouth (and so no possibility of black lotion or being toppled), and these incredible achievements, some would infer that he must have had absolute power.Be that as it may, when we explore Stalins aims we can see that he was largely unsuccessful. His five-year-plans demanded unattainably high increases in output- such as 200% more iron produced and 335% more electricity. However, there is much evidence that factory owners and officials cooked the books and exaggerated production when reporting back to the Party , in order to prevent being punished for failing to confirm up. This would mean that Stalin could not achieve all that he wanted. Furthermore, one of his stated aims was to reverse Russias backwardness in order to avoid being crush by the developed capitalist powers.While he did generate huge industrialisation which propelled the USSR forwards so that in 1945 it emerged as one of two world superpowers, it was at the expense of over twenty million Russians dead in around two decades, receivable to famines caused by economic reforms or in the gulags and the purges this huge cost is a death rate that resembles a backward nation far more than a developed one, and so some would argue that it shows that Stalin overly failed in this aim. Finally, his struggle with the Western powers, for example through annexing eastern European countries into the Soviet bloc, although continued to some extent by his successors, was lost in the end.By 1990, the USSR had begun to unravel significantly a s former members became independent countries and satellite states such as Ukraine and Estonia, and turned to democracy and the disembarrass market, after first breaking the propaganda limitations in order to learn of the other way of life, until Russia formally ended Communism in the year 1991. Stalins legacy failed to prevent cultural relativism from reaching into the population of the USSR. On the other hand, it could be argued that although he failed to prevent the future further expansion of the USSR his huge legacy in turning Russia around into the developed nation it is today shows his absolute power. Stalin and his ideology are still popular in modern Russia, as he is seen as a hero by many for seeing off the Nazi German invasion.This legacy, coupled with the extent to which he did manage to prevent notable opposition within his territory and beyond (for example, the assassination of Trotsky in Mexico), make him an individual who was close to achieving the coveted status of having absolute power in his empire, but still his failure to achieve what he wanted demonstrates that it would be untrue to describe him as such. And now approaching the present in terms of era, an example which was mentioned much earlier on in this essay, the Kim dynasty in North Korea they make use of the personality cult, controls on education and media, and the secret police which were used to implement Stalins leadership in the USSR up to now like him, they have been unable to carry out their aims.Kim Jong-Il aimed to make North Koreans the most prosperous people on Earth, but under his new economic reforms, millions died in a famine and all were affected by a famine which resulted in the army downgrading the height requirements for soldiers to sign up. They have also failed to prevent the black market from flourishing in North Korea and more importantly, they havent been able to stop Chinese smugglers from bringing in evidence of the prosperity experienced in South Korea an d other countries. Therefore despite not being in particular danger of being overthrown by the people, due to their repressive regime, the Kim dynasty have not had the power to fulfil their plans.The same could be said of the solid Communist Party in China although they are relatively secure in their position, with legal sovereignty guaranteed over the United Front as stated by the constitution, they have had to open up to imports and exports and allow free market economics, as their Communist planned economy failed. In modern times, nobody has succeeded in fully repressing their people, as defection and resistance has unceasingly been possible if not completely successful. Absolute power cannot be attributed to any modern day regimes, because knowledge of outside cultures always finds a way in, and the people learn of their relatively poor situation and rebel.One of the important phenomena to observe over the next few years is that of South Korean DVDs being calamitous into Nort h Korea and allowing the people exposure to other cultures this could potentially lead to an inability to further repress the people, to combine with the failure to achieve the Kim families aims. It is important to consider religion when looking at this question, as we have already conceded that religious authorities in some isolated communities could have held absolute power over their followers. One could argue that especially in the case of the Abrahamic religions, which are characterised by their belief in one single, omnipotent and omniscient God, absolute power is demonstrated by the infallibility of those who represent this one God- for example, the Pope, or the Iranian Ayatollah.In the most devout of communities and times, any religious disagreement could end in death- for example, the burning of Protestants or Catholics at the stake during the European battle between these two ideologies. This can be seen as religious authorities suppressing any opposition to the rule of Go d. Then, there are many examples of Gods representatives influencing people to act how he would will for example, the Crusades saw hundreds of rich knights, under the influence of the Pope, leaving the luxury and relative precaution of their castles and estates to recover Jerusalem, a city they had never visited. This can be seen as religion and its leaders having the absolute power to control the actions of others.However, for one thing the utilize of the aforementioned tradition of burning religious enemies, by which people would accuse those they disliked or coveted of belonging to the undesirable faith, shows that often people werent following the leadership of God but using this phenomenon to their selfish advantage. Another point against religious figures having absolute power is the decline in religious conflict and the growth of atheism- this ongoing decline in terms of support of god as a leader demonstrates a decline in power. In times of strife, such as the suffering of the Russians under the Tsar, people lose their faith in religious hierarchies- and in this particular example the atheistic Soviet system was spawned.In addition to this decrease in willingness to submit to religious commands, there is a clear increase in actual opposition to religion- the growth of humanism and the growing popularity of figures such as Richard Dawkins, who preaches anti-religion and anti-theism, show that God is being undermined as a leader and so cant have absolute power over humanity as some religious leaders would intend.From exploring all these example of hugely powerful individuals and organisations, ranging from the autocratic emperors of Ancient civilisation, to the absolute monarchies of the middle ages, the Church and the modern totalitarian dictatorships and regimes such as Adolf Hitlers Nazi Germany, or even the Communist Party in the Peoples Republic of China, we can see that although their achievements are often incredible, and required huge amounts o f power and ability, none of them have been able to perfectly fit both criteria- full suppression of opposition and the full ability to achieve what they wished. Inability to fulfil their political aims can often be put down to a failure to crush opposition, and the failure to crush opposition was caused by knowledge of other cultures which the people enjoyed the idea of more than they enjoyed their own cultural relativism.When people get the idea into their heads that there are other systems which would benefit them and make their lives better, it is impossible to fully and permanently extinguish this and continue reigning on without reforming policy (failing to do what you want) or falling from power (failing to protect against the opposition). Therefore, the only time when history can show us absolute power is in isolated communities in which the people had no sagaciousness or conception of an alternative way of life, such as the Ancient Britons who built Stonehenge.Bibliography A Little History of the World- E.H. GombrichWhat Is History? E.H. CarrNazi Aggression- Planned or Improvised? (The Historian)- Hendrik K. Hogrefe WebographyWho Built Stonehenge? Stuart Carter (First Science)http//www.livius.org/caa-can/caesar/caesar_t09.htmlhttp//www.e-classics.com/ALEXANDER.htmhttp//www.loc.gov/exhibits/archives/reps.html (Stalin)http//www.chinacyber.com/china_glance/politics.htm Polak